TeLEOS-2 is a Singapore-built commercial earth observation satellite.

The satellite will provide high-definition imagery and geospatial solutions for homeland security and border control; maritime monitoring and disaster management around the equatorial belt.

TeLEOS-2 is developed by ST Engineering.

The PSLV-XL is a powerful variant of India's Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV), developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). The “XL” stands for “Extended Length,” referring to its larger solid strap-on boosters, which give it more thrust than the standard PSLV version. It is ISRO’s most frequently used configuration when missions require heavier payloads or higher orbits, such as sun-synchronous orbits (SSO) or geosynchronous transfer orbits (GTO).

Specs
Height: 44.5 meters

Diameter: 2.8 m (9 ft 2 in)

Mass:

PSLV-G: 295,000 kg (650,000 lb)
PSLV-CA: 230,000 kg (510,000 lb)
PSLV-XL: 320,000 kg (710,000 lb)

Stages: 4

The PSLV-XL features a four-stage design with alternate solid and liquid propulsion systems. The first stage is powered by a large solid rocket motor (S139), supported by six extended strap-on boosters (PSOM-XL), each loaded with 12 tonnes of solid propellant. The second stage uses a liquid Vikas engine fueled by UH25 and nitrogen tetroxide. The third stage is again solid-fueled, while the fourth and final stage consists of two liquid-fueled engines using MMH and MON-3, allowing fine orbital adjustments.

This configuration has earned a reputation for high reliability and flexibility, having launched a wide variety of payloads including remote sensing satellites, navigation spacecraft, and interplanetary probes. It’s particularly known for notable missions such as Chandrayaan-1, India’s first lunar orbiter, and the Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan). The PSLV-XL also made headlines for launching 104 satellites in a single mission (PSLV-C37), a world record at the time.

Satish Dhawan Space Centre or Sriharikota Range is a rocket launch center operated by the Indian Space Research Organisation. It is located in Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh.

Chosen for its remote location, the center became operational in 1971 and hosted its first launch that year for a suborbital mission.

The first orbital launch took place on August 10, 1979.

The spaceport received its current name in 2005 when it was named in honor of Satish Dhawan, the former head of the Indian Space Research Organisation.

The facility has two launch pads and will be the base of India's upcoming human spaceflight program.

Image: ISRO