NASA

This astronaut crossed the Kármán Line (100 km), the internationally accepted boundary of space.

Crossed Kármán Line

STS-101 (Atlantis)

This logistics and supply run to the International Space Station was the first of three missions to prepare the outpost for its first permanent crew, Expedition 1.

The first reusable launch and landing spacecraft, the Space Shuttle began a new chapter of human space exploration. It launched like a rocket but landed on a runway like a plane. Shuttle crews deployed dozens of commercial satellites and two interplanetary probes to Venus and Jupiter. The Shuttle served as a mini space station and hosted hundreds of biomedical, psychological, physiological, materials science, and physics experiments that have directly benefited life on Earth. The five flight-worthy Shuttles -- Columbia, Challenger, Discovery, Atlantis, and Endeavour -- flew 135 missions over 30 years. The Shuttles helped construct the Russian Mir space station and brought nearly 80% of the International Space Station to orbit. Shuttles also deployed and serviced the Hubble Space Telescope.

Space Shuttle

STS-70 (Discovery)

Discovery launched NASA's seventh TDRS satellite. The flight was delayed several weeks when woodpeckers, trying to nest on the External Tank, put 71 holes in its insulating foam.

Mary E. Weber

United States of America

This astronaut has spent over a month in space.

Space Resident

STS-44 (Atlantis)

The second unclassified Department of Defense Space Shuttle mission deployed the Defense Support Program satellite and supported numerous experiments.

STS-55 (Columbia)

The second German-sponsored Space Shuttle flight saw 88 experiments from 11 nations taken to orbit.  A March launch attempt ended at T-3 seconds with an on-pad abort and emergency shutdown of Columbia's engines after a failure was detected.

STS-78 (Columbia)

This international Life and Microgravity Spacelab mission from NASA, ESA, and Canada featured more than 40 experiments designed to validate long duration space station missions.

Terence T. Henricks

This astronaut visited the International Space Station.

ISS Visitor

This astronaut conducted the longest spacewalk on March 12, 2001, it lasted eight hours and 56 minutes.

Longest Spacewalk

STS-53 (Discovery)

Classified Department of Defense mission.

STS-102 (Discovery)

This Space Shuttle logistics mission resupplied the International Space Station and served as a crew rotation flight between the Expedition 1 and 2 crews.

STS-69 (Endeavour)

This mission was largely a testbed for the International Space Station, allowing NASA to test construction tools and procedures as well as gather data on life support equipment needed for the Station.

James S. Voss

Longest Spacewalk 

STS-64 (Discovery)

This multifaceted science mission brought together life and materials science experiments, laser pulse observations of Earth, testing of new spacewalk equipment, and a free-flying release and recapture satellite on a single flight.

STS-54 (Endeavour)

This mission deployed the sixth TDRS satellite for NASA and tested various spacewalk techniques for future space station design.

Susan J. Helms

STS-57 (Endeavour)

This multifaceted mission saw the crew perform numerous biomedical and materials science experiments, retrieve ESA's European Retrievable Carrier satellite, and perform a spacewalk to test the Space Shuttle arm's ability to perform fine maneuvers while carrying a high-mass object.

STS-88 (Endeavour)

The first International Space Station construction mission. Endeavour launched the Unity module for the U.S. and met up with the first Russian station module, Zarya ("sunrise"), linking the two modules together in an historic partnership.

STS-109 (Columbia)

The fourth servicing mission to the Hubble Space Telescope replaced and upgraded science instruments and swapped out the telescopes solar arrays. Columbia also reboosted Hubble's orbit.

Nancy J. Currie-Gregg

Roscosmos

This astronaut is in the top 5% for total time in space.

Elite Spaceflyer

Soyuz TM-23

This mission ferried part of the EO-20 long duration crew to Space Station Mir.

Soyuz is a human-carrying capsule built and operated by Russia, capable of transporting up to three people to the Space Station at a time. It has been upgraded numerous times since its first use in the 1960s for the Soviet lunar program and was the only crewed vehicle for the Station from 2011 to 2020.

Soyuz

Soyuz TM-18

Soyuz TM-18 ferried the EO-15 crew to and from Space Station Mir.

Yury Usachov

Russia

STS-65 (Columbia)

This International Microgravity Laboratory-2 mission featured collaboration between NASA, ESA, Canada, France, Germany, and Japan on a multitude of microgravity and life sciences experiments.

STS-83 (Columbia)

This planned 16-day mission was cut short after just 4 days when one of three critical electricity-producing fuel cells quit working. NASA made the unprecedented decision to refly the entire mission -- same vehicle (Columbia), same crew, same payloads -- as soon as possible.

STS-94 (Columbia)

This reflight of STS-83 marked the only time to date that a human space mission was completely reflown with the same crew, vehicle, and experiments. This time the flight was a success.

STS-74 (Atlantis)

The second Shuttle-Mir docking saw Atlantis deliver a pair of solar arrays and the Russian-built Mir Docking Module to the station.

James D. Halsell Jr.

Donald A. Thomas

STS-87 (Columbia)

This science mission saw the first spacewalk performed by a Japanese astronaut and continued spacewalk testing of construction and maintenance procedures for the upcoming International Space Station.

STS-99 (Endeavour)

The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission was a joint NASA-German flight to create the most complete high-resolution digital topographic database of Earth.

Kevin R. Kregel

STS-82 (Discovery)

The second Hubble Space Telescope upgrade mission. Discovery's crew improved Hubble's instruments and boosted its altitude to 620 km, the farthest from Earth a Space Shuttle ever traveled.

STS-105 (Discovery)

Discovery's mission rotated the Expedition 2 and 3 International Space Station crews and delivered thousands of kilograms of science supplies and experiments to the ISS.

STS-75 (Columbia)

This joint NASA-ESA mission saw the crew continue testing the Italian Tethered Satellite System and perform a variety of materials science and physics experiments.

Scott J. Horowitz

Soyuz TMA-8

Soyuz TMA-8 ferried part of the Expedition 13 crew to and from the International Space Station. Brazilian astronaut Pontes joined for a short duration mission, returning to Earth on Soyuz TMA-7.

Soyuz TMA-16

Soyuz TMA-16 ferried part of the Expedition 21 crew to and from the International Space Station. Space Tourist Laliberte joined for a short duration mission, returning to Earth on Soyuz TMA-14.

Soyuz TMA-20M

Soyuz TMA-20M ferried three members of the Expedition 47 crew to the International Space Station. This was the final flight of the Soyuz TMA-M variant.

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